abstract

The time-projection chamber (TPC) is the main tracking detector in the MPD at NICA. Information on charge particle tracks is registered by the multi-wire proportional chamber with cathode pad readout. The main parameters and some details of the TPC design and readout electronics are presented.

abstract

The main features of femtoscopy measurements in heavy-ion collisions at high energies are understood as a manifestation of the strong collective flow and well-interpreted within hydrodynamic models with a crossover. In this work, we discuss possibilities for observing the change from a first order phase transition expected at the NICA energies (\(\sqrt {s_{NN}}=4\)–11 GeV) to a crossover one with the femtoscopy observables using the vHLLE+UrQMD model.

abstract

The intriguing possibility of Bose–Einstein condensation of pions at the LHC is examined with the use of higher order moments of the multiplicity distribution. The scaled variance, skewness and kurtosis are calculated for the pion system. The obtained results show that the normalized kurtosis has a significant increase for the case of the pion condensation.

abstract

The evolution equation for inhomogeneous and anisotropic temperature fluctuations inside a medium is derived within the ambit of Boltzmann Transport Equation. Also, taking some existing realistic inputs, we have analysed the Fourier space variation of temperature fluctuation for the medium created after heavy-ion collisions. The effect of viscosity on the variation of fluctuations is investigated. Further, possible implications in hadronic and heavy-ion collisions are explored.

abstract

We perform a Taylor series expansion of Tsallis distribution by assuming the Tsallis parameter \(q\) close to 1. The \(q\) value shows the deviation of a system from a thermalised Boltzmann distribution. By taking up to first order in \((q-1)\), we derive an analytical result for Tsallis distribution including radial flow. Further, in the present work, we also study the speed of sound (\(c_{\rm s}\)) as a function of temperature using the non-extensive Tsallis statistics for different \(q\) values and for different mass cut-offs.

abstract

The paper presents the development of the Overlap Muon Track Finder (OMTF) trigger for the CMS experiment at CERN. The transition from the data produced by the physical model to the algorithm suitable for practical implementation is shown. The paper also concentrates on the problems related to the necessity of continuous adaptation of the algorithm to the changing operating conditions of the detector.

abstract

We analyze two-particle pseudorapidity correlations in a simple model, where strings of fluctuating length are attached to wounded nucleons. The obtained straightforward formulas allow us to understand the anatomy of the correlations, i.e. , to identify the component due to the fluctuation of the number of wounded nucleons and the contribution from the string length fluctuations. Our results reproduce qualitatively and semiquantitatively the basic features of the recent correlation measurements at the LHC.

abstract

The THERMINATOR model is dedicated to heavy-ion collisions. Its current description allows one to work with data for the highest collision energies achieved by the LHC and RHIC colliders. However, it is possible to adapt THERMINATOR model to the lower energy spectrum as is used in Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at RHIC. Femtoscopy of two particles investigates the properties of matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. It allows one to study the space-time characteristics of the medium. Single- and two-particle momentum distributions of particles generated for the energy spectrum for BES program are discussed. To verify how model predictions agree with experimental results, the correlation functions obtained for identical pions in Au+Au collisions at various collision energies are presented.

abstract

The two-component Monte Carlo Glauber model predicts a knee-like structure in the centrality dependence of elliptic flow \(v_2\) in U\(+\)U collisions at \(\sqrt {s_{NN}}=193\) GeV. It also produces a strong anti-correlation between \(v_2\) and \({\rm d}N_{\rm ch}/{\rm d}y\) in the case of top Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) events. However, none of these features have been observed in data. We address these discrepancies by including the effect of nucleon shadowing to the two-component Monte Carlo Glauber model. Apart from addressing successfully the above issues, we find that the nucleon shadow suppresses the event-by-event fluctuation of various quantities, e.g. \(\varepsilon _2\) which is in accordance with expectation from the dynamical models of initial condition based on gluon saturation physics and is in very good agreement with experimental data at \(\sqrt {s_{NN}}=2760\) GeV for Pb\(+\)Pb collisions.

abstract

The Time-of-Flight (TOF) will be one of subdetectors used to particle indentification in nascent Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) at NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) complex. To work properly, it needs a system which provides gas at the correct pressure and with specific properties, like mixture composition and purity. Requirements, construction, properties and operation principles of this system are discussed in this proceeding.

abstract

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in \(pp\) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse momentum \((p_{\rm T})\). In high-multiplicity events, a long-range \((|\eta | \gt 2.0)\), near-side \((\Delta \phi = 0)\) structure emerges in the two-particle \(\Delta \eta \)–\(\Delta \phi \) correlation functions. The overall correlation strength is similar to that found in earlier \(pp\) data at 7 TeV, but is measured up to much higher multiplicity values. A detailed study in \(pp\) collisions at 7 TeV of the second-order \((v_2)\) azimuthal anisotropy harmonics of charged particles, \(K_{\rm S}^0\) and \({\mit \Lambda }/\bar {\mit \Lambda }\) particles are extracted from long-range two-particle correlations as a function of particle multiplicity and transverse momentum, and are also compared with values obtained in \(p\)Pb and PbPb collisions at similar multiplicities.

abstract

We discuss why the scalar–isoscalar resonance \(f_{0}(500)\) should, in practice, not be included in thermal models describing the freeze-out of heavy-ion collisions. Its contribution to pion multiplicities is, in principle, relevant since it is light and that it decays only to pions. However, it is cancelled to a very good numerical precision by the non-resonant scalar–isotensor repulsion among pions. Our approach is an application of a well-known theorem relating spectral function to phase shifts. The numerical results are solely based on pion–pion scattering data and thus model independent.

abstract

In this paper, a status report of a STAR analysis of like-sign kaon one-dimensional femtoscopy for the Beam Energy Scan program is presented. It includes results from Au+Au collisions at six energies from \(\sqrt {s_{NN}}=7.7\) GeV to \(\sqrt {s_{NN}}=39\) GeV. The centrality and energy dependences are studied.

abstract

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will carry out systematic research on the properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, in particular, at highest net baryon densities. These conditions will be met by colliding beams of heavy ions on targets in the energy range from 2 to 14, eventually 45 GeV/nucleon, as they will be provided with highest intensities by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS-100, and in a future stage by the SIS-300 machine of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. The paper summarizes the CBM physics case and observables, and updates on the status of the experimental preparations. The development of CBM’s central detector, the Silicon Tracking System for charged particle reconstruction and momentum measurement, is described in more detail. Synergies with the commissioning of the tracker’s components in the stationary target experiment BM@N, under preparation at an extraction beamline of JINR’s Nuclotron, are addressed.

abstract

In the paper, we present results of examination of encapsulated \(^{22}\)Na positron source with Doppler spectroscopy. For this reason, a special geometry of experiment is proposed. Using the suggested scheme, measurements of \(S\)- and \(W\)-parameters of deformed and non-deformed samples of copper and bronze DIN-CuBe2 were conducted. In the case of non-defected specimens, the constant value of \(S\)-parameters was observed. For samples exposed to sandblasting, decreasing of \(S\)-parameter with increasing depth was detected. The thickness of damaged region for copper was about 250 \(\mu \)m and, in comparison to bronze, it was twice as long. The pressed copper sample was characterized by a constant level of defect concentration in the total investigated volume.

abstract

The Micro TCA (MTCA) platform gains popularity in modular measurement and control systems. Version 4 of the standard is well-suited for high-energy physics and is intensively developed by leading scientific institutions including CERN and DESY. While being primarily developed for low-level RF applications, it is currently being implemented in numerous data acquisition systems for detectors. This paper presents development of the distributed clock and event synchronization in MTCA.4 for large data processing systems based on White Rabbit protocol.

abstract

Measurement of Bose–Einstein or HBT correlations of identified charged particles provides insight into the space-time structure of particle emitting sources in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we present the latest results from the RHIC PHENIX experiment on such measurements.

abstract

We present a novel method for sorting events. So far, single variables like flow vector magnitude were used for sorting events. Our approach takes into account the whole azimuthal angle distribution rather than a single variable. This method allows us to determine the good measure of the event shape, providing a multiplicity-independent insight. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, the possible usage in femtoscopy, and other more exclusive experimental studies.

abstract

The design of a calibration system for resistance temperature detectors (RTD) will be presented. The project was optimized for the high-accuracy calibration in the cryogenic temperatures. The system is based on the 18-bit ADC with an internal MUX and 35 input channels for the calibrated resistors and referential sources. The project will be used in the preparation of the NICA temperature monitoring system.

abstract

The demand for fast software post-processing algorithm in GEM detector based acquisition systems resulted in investigating potential algorithmic, hardware and software solutions to achieve highest throughput and lowest latencies in post-processing of the acquired data. The overview of solutions using Intel CPU and PCIe Intel and NVIDIA cards is presented. The feasibility analysis in terms of using the devices in the implemented systems is introduced including the trends of hardware development.

abstract

In this paper, a status report of a STAR analysis of unlike-sign kaon femtoscopic correlations in Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt {s_{NN}} = 200\) GeV is presented. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions that include the treatment of \(\phi (1020)\) resonance due to final-state interaction.

abstract

The Buda–Lund model describes an expanding hydrodynamical system with ellipsoidal symmetry and fits the observed elliptic flow and oscillating HBT radii successfully. The ellipsoidal symmetry can be characterized by the second order harmonics of the transverse momentum distribution, and observed in the azimuthal oscillation of the HBT radii measured versus the second order reaction plane. The model can be changed to describe the experimentally indicated higher order azimuthal asymmetries. In this paper, we detail an extension of the Buda–Lund hydro model to investigate higher order flow harmonics and triangular azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii.

abstract

In present time, there are lot of devices based on strong magnetic field. Creation of strong magnetic field is possible thanks to superconductors which often are replacing classic electromagnets. Strong magnetic fields are used in medical diagnostics and testing such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), construction of NMR device and picture formation. Another application of a strong magnetic fields in medicine is hadrontherapy. The theoretical principle of the method and the construction of the devices for hadron therapy has been presented. Comparison of the hadrontherapy with other radiotherapies has been demonstrated. The main topic of the paper has been the application of superconducting systems in medicine.

abstract

We study the production of hadrons in nucleus–nucleus collisions within the Parton–Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach that is extended to incorporate essential aspects of chiral symmetry restoration (CSR) in the hadronic sector (via the Schwinger mechanism) on top of the deconfinement phase transition as implemented in PHSD. The essential impact of CSR is found in the Schwinger mechanism (for string decay) which fixes the ratio of strange-to-light quark production in the hadronic medium. Our studies provide a microscopic explanation for the maximum in the \(K^+/\pi ^+\) ratio at about 30 \(A\) GeV which only shows up if, in addition to CSR, a deconfinement transition to partonic degrees of freedom is incorporated in the reaction dynamics.

abstract

Fluctuations of various observables in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies have been extensively studied as they provide important signals regarding the formation of a Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). Because of the large number of produced particles in each event, a detailed study of event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations has been proposed as one of the signatures of the phase transition. In addition, the understanding of multiplicity fluctuations is essential for other event-by-event measurements. In the present work, we have calculated the scaled variance (\(\omega _{\rm ch}=\sigma ^2/\mu \)) of the charged-particle multiplicity distributions as a function of centrality in Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC energies. Here, \(\mu \) and \(\sigma \) denote the mean and the width of the multiplicity distributions, respectively. The trend of scaled variances as a function of centrality is presented and discussed. Volume fluctuations play an important role while measuring the multiplicity fluctuations, which are also discussed. The results are expected to provide vital input to theoretical model calculations.

abstract

A model-independent method for the analysis of two-particle short-range correlations is presented. It can be utilized to describe such Bose–Einstein (HBT), dynamical (ridge) and other correlation functions which have a nearly Lévy or “stretched exponential” shape. For the special case of Lévy exponent \(\alpha = 1\), earlier Laguerre expansions are recovered, while for \(\alpha = 2\), a new expansion is obtained for correlations which are nearly Gaussian in shape. Multi-dimensional Lévy expansions are also introduced and their potential application to analyse ridge correlation data is discussed.

abstract

The Equipment Database (EqDb) is an information system, which is intended to support construction, assembly, and operation of complex equipment for any physical experiment, e.g. for detectors in high energy physics experiments.

abstract

The cooling, the regulation and the temperature stabilisation system is very important for every kind of electronics. Devices, which are not cooled, can be destroyed and burned. This publication presents simulation of different cooling systems for MPD detector as an example of TOF detector.

abstract

We review our studies of spectator-induced electromagnetic (EM) effects on charged pion emission in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. These effects are found to consist of the electromagnetic charge splitting of pion directed flow as well as very large distortions in spectra and ratios of produced charged particles. As it emerges from our analysis, they offer sensitivity to the actual distance \(d_{\rm E}\) between the pion formation zone at freeze-out and the spectator matter. As a result, this gives a new possibility of studying the space-time evolution of dense and hot matter created in the course of the collision. Having established that \(d_{\rm E}\) traces the longitudinal evolution of the system and, therefore, rapidly decreases as a function of pion rapidity, we investigate the latter finding in view of pion feed-over from intermediate resonance production. As a result, we obtain a first estimate of the pion decoupling time from EM effects which we compare to existing HBT data. We conclude that spectator-induced EM interactions can serve as a new tool for studying the space-time characteristics and longitudinal evolution of the system.

abstract

The framework of leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics is supplemented with realistic equation of state and self-consistent freeze-out prescription. The model is applied to central proton–nucleus collisions. The results are compared to those obtained within standard Israel–Stewart second-order viscous hydrodynamics. It is shown that the resulting hadron spectra are highly-sensitive to the hydrodynamic approach that has been used.

abstract

The multihadron production in \(AA\) and \(pp/\bar {p}p\) collisions is studied by exploring the collision-energy and centrality dependencies of the mean multiplicity in the existing data. The study is performed in the framework of the recently proposed effective-energy approach which combines the constituent quark picture and Landau hydrodynamics counting for the centrality-defined effective energy of participants. The multiplicity energy dependence and the pseudorapidity spectra from the most central nuclear collision data are well-reproduced. The study of the multiplicity centrality dependence reveals a new scaling between the measured pseudorapidity spectra and the calculations. Using this scaling, called the energy balanced limiting fragmentation scaling, the pseudorapidity spectra are well-reproduced for all centralities. A similarity in the multiplicity energy dependence in the most central collisions and centrality data is shown. Predictions are drawn for the mean multiplicities to be measured in hadronic and heavy-ion collisions at the LHC.

abstract

Through experiments with heavy-ion collisions at high energies we can study the properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions. The information on the sizes of the particle-emitting sources can be inferred via the method of femtoscopy. The femtoscopy method uses Quantum Statistics effects and the Final State Interactions to determine the space-time properties of the source. The radii of the sources extracted from two-baryon femtoscopy along with those obtained from two-meson and meson–baryon correlations provide complementary information about the source characteristics. In this report, a status of the STAR analysis of proton and antiproton femtoscopic correlations in Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt {s_{NN}}\) of 7.7 GeV, 11.5 GeV and 39 GeV is presented.

abstract

We study the spectral functions, the poles and their trajectories for increasing \(N_{\rm c}\) of the vector kaon state \(K^{\ast }(892)\), characterized by \(I(J^{P})=\frac {1}{2}(1^{-})\), and of the scalar kaons \(K_{0}^{\ast }(800)\) and \(K_{0}^{\ast }(1430)\), characterized by \(I(J^{P}) =\frac {1}{2}(0^{+})\). To this end, we use relativistic QFTs Lagrangians with both derivative and non-derivative terms. In the vector kaonic sector, the spectral function is well-approximated by a Breit–Wigner function: there is one single peak and, correspondingly, a single pole in the complex plane. On the contrary, in the scalar sector, although the Lagrangian contains only one scalar kaonic field, we find two poles, one corresponding to a standard quark–antiquark “seed” state \(K_{0}^{\ast }(1430)\), and one to a “companion” dynamically generate pole \(K_{0}^{\ast }(800)\). The latter does not correspond to any peak in the scalar kaonic spectral function, but only to an enhancement in the low-energy regime.

abstract

The possibility to study cold nuclear matter with the density of neutron star core and even larger in the laboratory experiment is discussed. Special rare kinematical trigger for relativistic ion–ion collisions is proposed for such a study. Expected properties of the matter in such unusual conditions and experimental program for its study is discussed. Possible experimental setup and R&D results for position-sensitive neutron detector are presented.

abstract

The transverse momentum spectra at the RHIC and LHC for \(A\)+\(A\) and \(p\)+\(p\) collisions are studied with Tsallis distributions in different approaches i.e. with and without radial flow. The information on the freeze-out surface in terms of freeze-out volume, temperature, chemical potential and radial flow velocities for different particle species are obtained. These parameters are found to show a systematic behavior with mass dependence. It is observed that the heavier particles freeze-out early as compared to lighter particles and freeze-out surfaces are different for different particles, which is a direct signature of mass-dependent differential freeze-out. Further, we observe that the radial flow velocity decreases with increasing mass. This confirms the mass ordering behavior in collectivity observed in heavy-ion collisions. It is also observed that the systems created in peripheral heavy-ion collisions and in proton–proton collisions are of similar thermodynamic nature.

abstract

We present the latest results on the leading order of the anisotropic hydrodynamic expansion. Anisotropic hydrodynamics has already been shown to be consistent with the second order viscous hydrodynamics in the one-dimensional (Bjorken flow), two-dimensional (radial expansion), and the general (3+1)-dimensional case. It provides a striking agreement with the exact solutions of the Boltzmann equation already at the leading order. In particular, the latest prescription improves both qualitatively and quantitatively the reproduction of the anisotropy and bulk viscosity evolution, providing the best approximation of the exact solution without relying on a next-to-leading order treatment.

abstract

The two-particle interferometry method was introduced to determine the size of the emitting source after a heavy-ion collision. Following the extension of the method to spherical expansion dynamics, here, we extend the method to detect the rotation of the system. It is shown that rotation of a cylindrically symmetric system leads to modifications, which can be perceived as spatial asymmetry by the “azimuthal HBT” method.

abstract

One of the main goals in study of strongly interacting matter with the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is an observation of signatures of phase transition between hadronic matter and the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). It is expected that below a certain collision energy, the type of the phase transition is changed from a crossover to a first order phase transition. Such change should affect space-time evolution of the created system. A possibility to distinguish between types of the phase transition using the 3-di-mensional pion correlation measurements is discussed. Also, a feasibility of using hybrid models at the NICA energies is considered.

abstract

Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is the based analytical technique, used in proteomics research for biomarkers determination. However, some compounds do not undergo effective ionization process and, therefore, their trace amounts can be analysed only after proper derivatization. Properly designed ionization enhancers may reduce detection limit and allow for the analysis of minimal quantities of analytes by ESI-MS. The quantitative analysis is carried out using the isotope dilution. Recently, we developed synthetic methods of peptides derivatization by quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) and worked out their analysis at the attomole level. Unfortunately, such derivatives undergo the Hoffman elimination during peptide sequencing in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). To overcome this neutral loss, we developed the synthetic methods of peptides derivatized by cyclic quaternary ammonium salts. In this work, we present synthesis of the azoniaspiro conjugate and its isotopologue deuterated on the \(\alpha \)-carbon of the 5-azoniaspiro[4.4]nonyl group (ASN) and its analysis by ESI-FT-ICR-MS.