abstract

This paper presents a detailed investigation of both normal and intruder states in \(^{98}\)Mo nucleus in the \(E \leq 3\) MeV. We considered all reported intruder energy levels for this nucleus, \(0_2^{+}\), \(2_1^{+}\), \(4_1^{+}\), \(4_2^{+}\), \(2_2^{+}\), and also the quadrupole transitions which originated from these levels. A mixing formalism based on the combination of U(5) and O(6) dynamical symmetries of the interacting boson model is used in the Hamiltonian and wavefunctions for, respectively, \(N\)- and (\(N+2\))-boson spaces. The weight of each space is determined by the calculation of theoretical quadrupole transition rates and compared with their experimental counterparts. By using these weights, the expectation values of the pure U(5) and O(6) Hamiltonians and also the total Hamiltonian that contains these limits and mixing terms are calculated for different levels, too. The results show that normal energy levels and quadrupole transition between them can be described satisfactory in comparison with experimental counterparts by using the pure U(5) Hamiltonian in the only \(N\)-boson space. For intruder levels and quadrupole transition originating from them or holding between normal and intruder states, the mixed formalism of Hamiltonian and wavefunctions increases the efficiency of theoretical formalisms and suggests exact results.

abstract

The neutron mid-shell silver nuclei exhibit anomalous ordering of the \((7/2^+,9/2^+)\) states. The two states are part of the \(\pi g_{9/2}^{-3}\) multiplet split under an unusually strong \(Q\,Q\) interaction, leading to a rearrangement of the multiplet structure typical of the semi-magic Ag nuclei. To study the anomaly evolution with the neutron number, a systematic study of the electromagnetic transition rates was performed, showing that the M1 component of the \(9/2_1^+\rightarrow 7/2_1^+\) transition is typically hindered by at least two orders of magnitude with respect to the single-particle estimates, while the \(B\)(E2) component is enhanced. The experimental electromagnetic transition rates are systematically consistent with the three-hole valence-shell cluster and quadrupole vibrator coupling formalism developed in the 1970s.

abstract

In this article, we study the characteristics of a five-dimensional topologically charged Schwarzschild-like wormhole — a non-vacuum solution derived from Einstein’s field equations while adhering to the weak energy conditions. Notably, this five-dimensional wormhole extends the framework of the Klinkhamer four-dimensional vacuum-defect by introducing a topological charge. Our investigation focuses on elucidating the distinct features and implications of this five-dimensional wormhole with topological charge. As a specific case, we examine a particular instance of this topologically charged defect wormhole and provide a detailed analysis of the obtained results.