The reason of experimentally observed difference between shower proton and meson transverse momenta in inelastic nucleon–nucleus interactions is discussed. By means of an intranuclear cascade model it is demonstrated that this difference is caused by the Pauli exclusion principle and is in agreement with the theory.
Simple quark models for hadronic fragmentation processes are shortly reviewed. It is pointed out that the existing models differ most significantly in the assumptions concerning involvement of valence quarks in the first stage of interaction. By investigating \(x\)-distributions of produced hadron pairs one can test these assumptions experimentally.
We propose a method of estimating the contributions of Compton and annihilation processes to the direct photon production at large \(p_{\rm T}\) in \(\pi \)p collisions. It is based on general assumptions about composition of hadrons of quarks and gluons. An illustration of the proposed method is made by a detailed calculation using scale invariant and scale breaking structure functions.
The \(\Lambda \) particle energy in nuclear matter is calculated with separable \(S\) state \(\Lambda \)N and NN potentials of Puff’s type. By solving the Bethe–Faddeev equations, the three-body \(\Lambda \)NN cluster energy \(E_{\Lambda 3}\) is calculated with the repulsive result \(E_{\Lambda 3} \cong \) 3–4 MeV, which is less than 10% of the magnitude of the two-body \(\Lambda \)N cluster energy. The result suggests a satisfactory convergence of the reaction matrix method of calculating \(B_{\Lambda 3}\).
Measurements of the electrofission cross section for \(^{237}\)Np have been made for the electron energy range from 10 to 34 MeV. An analysis of the experimental results has been performed using the concept of virtual photons. Both isoscalar and isovector E2 giant resonances were taken for the calculation of the contribution E2 transition mode.
It is pointed out that when comparing QCD predictions with experimental data for deep inelastic structure functions it is advisable to use Bernstein moments.
We suggest that charm particles observed in pp collisions at the CERN ISR are proton fragments i.e. contain valence quarks of the initial protons. This hypothesis is also extended to production of bottom and top particles. The most striking prediction is that the observed D\(^+\) mesons are decay products of charm \(\Lambda _{\rm c}^*\) and/or bottom \(\Lambda _{\rm b}\) baryons. This prediction may help to discover \(\Lambda _{\rm b}\).
