abstract

A programme investigating particle creation in a black hole by the application of flat-spacetime, quantum-field results is carried out. The utilization of the Casimir-effect results and those of accelerated mirrors reveals that a black hole should produce blackbody radiation that exactly coincides with Hawking’s. An important difference between the vacuum stress- tensors of scalar and electromagnetic fields is found. The blackbody spectrum of Hawking radiation is due to the interaction of the radiation with a “cavity” formed by the potential barrier of the gravitational field. The consideration of the potential-barrier finite conductivity makes it possible to eliminate the pathology of the vacuum stress-tensor on the horizon and to reveal that the blackbody radiation should be created in the whole region \([3M\), \(\infty ]\).

abstract

An elementary account is given of the construction of anomalies and effective actions for Goldstone bosons, using the techniques of differential geometry. The emphasis is on simplicity of presentation, comparison of different renormalization schemes and the relationship to bosonization in the case of 2 dimensions.

abstract

It is shown that descriptions of a system of \(B \gt 1\) nucleons as a single skyrmion are unsatisfactory.

abstract

A dual Monte-Carlo two-chain fragmentation model for hadron–hadron collisions as well as its extension to a multi-chain fragmentation model for hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions is presented. Using a Monte-Carlo method allows the study of inclusive and exclusive quantities. Energy momentum and all additive quantum numbers are conserved exactly in the model. Satisfactory agreement with recent data is obtained.

abstract

We present general characteristics of inelastic interactions of negative pions with emulsion nuclei at the energy 300 GeV. The multiplicity distributions of disintegration products of the target nucleus as well as produced particles are presented and compared with the data obtained from \(\pi ^-\) interactions in emulsion at 60 GeV and 200 GeV. The pseudorapidity distribution of shower particles exhibits a plateau at the central region. No evidence of the bimodal structure of pseudorapidity distribution is observed.

abstract

The status of the theory of energy weighted cross sections (in particular energy–energy correlations) is reviewed. For \(e^+e^-\) annihilations the results are presented in a form which is equally applicable at low energies (where only the virtual photon channel plays a role) and at high energies (where the \(Z^0\) channel is also important). Energy–energy correlations for the \(p\bar p\), collider are also discussed.

abstract

In present-day attempts to understand low-energy hadron physics one is addressed to various model assumptions in low-energy quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this context, in the first part of the lectures we want to illustrate a natural appearance of a sort of two-phase description. A bag containing quarks calls for pions inhabitating the bag exterior. In the second part of the lectures we review a more recent (opposite in a sense) approach. A pion field may be viewed as a classical solitonic background field and the nucleon as a defect (soliton) in the Skyrme solitonic field. We intend to emphasise both the essentially novel features and the limitations of such an approach.

abstract

The strange quark suppression factor \(\lambda \) has been determined by a direct comparison of the number of produced strange and non-strange quark–antiquark pairs. The results are compared with those found by other methods.

abstract

An explicit formula expressing the pairing-interaction strength \(G\) by the pairing-energy gap parameter \(\tilde {\mit \Delta }\), averaged over shell effects, is found in a uniform level-distribution model based on the harmonic oscillator potential. The dependence of \(G\) on the proton and neutron numbers, obtained from the formula in case of the phenomenological \(\tilde {\mit \Delta } (\tilde {\mit \Delta } = 12A^{-1/2}\) MeV), is discussed and compared with that assumed in various microscopic analyses in which \(G\) is numerically fitted to empirical odd–even mass differences.