Regular Series


Vol. 41 (2010), No. 11, pp. 2295 – 2480


Charged Particles are Prevented from Going Faster than the Speed of Light by Light Itself: A Biophysical Cell Biologist’s Contribution to Physics

abstract

Investigations of living organisms have led biologists and physicians to introduce fundamental concepts, including Brownian motion, the First Law of Thermodynamics, Poiseuille’s Law of fluid flow, and Fick’s Law of diffusion into physics. Given the prominence of viscous forces within and around cells and the experience of identifying and quantifying such resistive forces, biophysical cell biologists have an unique perspective in discovering the viscous forces that cause moving particles to respond to an applied force in a nonlinear manner. Using my experience as a biophysical cell biologist, I show that in any space consisting of a photon gas with a temperature above absolute zero, Doppler-shifted photons exert a velocity-dependent viscous force on moving charged particles. This viscous force prevents charged particles from exceeding the speed of light. Consequently, light itself prevents charged particles from moving faster than the speed of light. This interpretation provides a testable alternative to the interpretation provided by the Special Theory of Relativity, which contends that particles are prevented from exceeding the speed of light as a result of the relativity of time.


Citation Entropy and Research Impact Estimation

abstract

A new indicator, a real valued \(s\)-index, is suggested to characterize a quality and impact of the scientific research output. It is expected to be at least as useful as the notorious \(h\)-index, at the same time avoiding some of its obvious drawbacks. However, surprisingly, the \(h\)-index is found to be quite a good indicator for majority of real-life citation data with their alleged Zipfian behaviour for which these drawbacks do not show up. The style of the paper was chosen deliberately somewhat frivolous to indicate that any attempt to characterize the scientific output of a researcher by just one number always has an element of a grotesque game in it and should not be taken too seriously. I hope this frivolous style will be perceived as a funny decoration only.


Vacuum Holes as Cause of Gravitation and Inertia

abstract

Matter interacts with space-time holes and emits a flux of “its own” holes which curve the space-time; it is a cause of gravitation. Every planetary body, including the Earth, is surrounded by clouds of holes, which curve the space-time and exert an attractive force on all objects. The vacuum hole is the only “particle” in physics able to explain the time dilation and length contraction (the curvature of space-time) by its properties. This theory allows creation of artificial gravity by producing holes in the space-time.


Exact Solutions for a Quantum-mechanical Particle with Spin 1 and Additional Intrinsic Characteristics in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field

abstract

With the use of the general covariant matrix 10-dimensional Petiau–Duffin–Kemmer formalism in cylindrical coordinates exact solutions of the quantum-mechanical equation for a particle with spin-1 in the presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field are constructed. Three linearly independent types of solutions are separated; in each case the formula for the energy levels has been found. Within similar technique for the quantum-mechanical equation for a particle with spin-1 and additional intrinsic electromagnetic characteristics — polarizability, exact solutions are found in the presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field.


Generalized Uncertainty Principle in Hawking Radiation of Noncommutative Schwarzschild Black Hole

abstract

The effects of noncommutativity in the framework of coordinate coherent states for Schwarzschild metric lead to a corrected solution in terms of the noncommutative parameter \(\theta \). Using the quasi-classical method, the Hawking radiation of such a noncommutative inspired black hole via the tunneling process is studied. In this situation, utilizing the generalized uncertainty principle, we show that the modification of the de Broglie relation in the quantum tunneling process of the black hole evaporation, provides the non-thermal effects which create the correlations between emitted modes of evaporation. In this setup, at least part of the quantum information becomes encoded in the Hawking radiation, and information can be appeared in the form of the non-thermal GUP correlations merged with the noncommutativity influences.


Three-party Controlled Quantum Teleportation with Six-photon Entangled States via Collective Noise Channel

abstract

Two three-party controlled quantum teleportation protocols using six-photon entangled states are proposed for circumventing collective noise. It can be performed in collective-dephasing noise or collective-rotation noise with unitary successful probability. Due to the symmetry of the quantum channel, each participant can act as a sender, a receiver or a controller. Moreover, it can be generalized to multiparty controlled teleportation protocols.


Evolution of Perturbations in Noncommutative Inflation

abstract

Using the recently proposed approach to noncommutative inflation based on the coherent state picture of noncommutativity, we study the evolution of scalar density perturbations and calculate the spectrum of perturbations and scalar spectral index in this setup. As an important result we show that noncommutativity may be responsible for the deviations from the scale invariant spectrum predicted in usual inflationary scenarios.


Comparison of Various Lower Bounds for the Ground State Energy of an \(N\)-body System

abstract

This paper is devoted to a comparison of various lower bounds, the so-called optimized, naïve and improved lower bounds on the ground state energies of \(N\)-body systems with non-relativistic kinematics and translationally invariant two-body interactions. The optimized lower bound proves, in all cases, to be better than the improved and the naïve bounds.


Lepton Flavor Violating Higgs Decays Induced by Massive Unparticle

abstract

We predict the branching ratios of the Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) Higgs decays \(H^{\,0}\rightarrow e^{\pm } \mu ^{\pm }\), \(H^{\,0}\rightarrow e^{\pm } \tau ^{\pm }\) and \(H^{\,0}\rightarrow \mu ^{\pm } \tau ^{\pm }\) with the assumption that Lepton Flavor violation is due to the unparticle mediation. Here, we consider an effective interaction which breaks the conformal invariance after the electroweak symmetry breaking and causes that unparticle becomes massive. The new interaction results in a modification of the mediating unparticle propagator and brings additional contribution to the branching ratios of the LFV decays with the new vertex including Higgs field and two unparticle fields. We observe that the branching ratios of the decays under consideration lie in the range of \(10^{-6}\)–\(10^{-4}\).


all authors

S. Uddin, J. Shabir Ahmad, M. Ali, W. Bashir, R.A. Bhat, M.F. Mir

Longitudinal Hadronic Flow at RHIC in Extended Statistical Thermal Model and Resonance Decay Effects

abstract

We use a recently proposed extended statistical thermal model to describe various hadron rapidity spectra at the highest RHIC energy (200 GeV/\(A\)). The model assumes the formation of hot and dense regions (fireballs) moving along the beam axis with increasing rapidities \(y_{\rm FB}\). This model has been earlier used to describe the net proton i.e. \(p\)–\(\bar p\), ratio \(\bar p\)/\(p\) and the pion rapidity spectra. In this paper we have attempted to show that in addition to these quantities, this model can also successfully describe the individual rapidity spectra of protons, antiprotons, Kaons, antiKaons, pions, the ratios \(\bar {\mit \Lambda }\)/\({\mit \Lambda }\) and \(\bar {\mit \Xi }\)/\({\mit \Xi }\). We have also investigated the effect of the inclusion of the resonance decay contributions on the rapidity spectra of various hadrons. We have found that the resonance decay contributions do not modify the rapidity spectra of hadrons to any significant extent, in the presence of longitudinal flow. The experimental data set on \(p\), \(\bar p\), \(K^{\,+}\), \(K^{\,-}\) and \(\pi \) provided by BRAHMS Collaboration at the highest energy of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, \(\sqrt {S_{NN}} = 200\) GeV are used. The theoretical results also fit quite well with mid-rapidity data (for \(|y| \lt 1\)) of the \(\bar {\mit \Lambda }\)/\({\mit \Lambda }\) and the \(\bar {\mit \Xi }\)/\({\mit \Xi }\) ratios available (from STAR). We have used single set of model parameters including single value of the temperature parameter \(T\) for all the regions of the hot and dense matter formed (fireballs). The chemical potentials of the different regions in the model are, however, assumed to be dependent on the fireball’s or regions’s rapidity, \(y_{\rm FB}\). We have also imposed the criteria of exact strangeness conservation in each region separately. We also discuss what can be learned about the nuclear transparency effect at the highest RHIC energy from the net proton rapidity distribution.


Low Density Symmetry Energy Effects and the Neutron Star Crust Properties

abstract

The form of the nuclear symmetry energy \(E_{\rm s}\) around saturation point density leads to a different crust-core transition point in the neutron star and affects the crust properties. We show that the knowledge of \(E_{\rm s}\) close to the saturation point is not sufficient to determine the position of the transition point and the very low density behaviour is required. We also claim that crust properties are strongly influenced by the very high density behaviour of \(E_{\rm s}\), so in order to conclude about the form of low density part of the symmetry energy from astrophysical data one must isolate properly the high density part.


Pseudospin Symmetry in Deformed Nuclei with Triaxial-symmetric Harmonic Oscillator Potential

abstract

Pseudospin symmetry is a perfectly valid concept which can reliably be used in calculations of any deformed heavy nuclei. Therefore, we examined this symmetry in deformed nuclei with triaxial-symmetry and eigenfunctions. Energy equation were obtained for the case of triaxial-symmetric harmonic oscillator potential in the Dirac equation.


Long-range Multiplicity Correlations in Proton–Proton Collisions

abstract

The forward–backward long-range multiplicity correlations in proton–proton collisions are investigated in the model with two independent sources of particles: one left- and one right-moving wounded nucleon. A good agreement with the UA5 Collaboration proton–antiproton data at the c.m. energy of \(200\) GeV is observed. For comparison the model with only one source of particles is also discussed.


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